DAMOS files are rare. So: how do you find maps in an ECU file without one?
Method 1: Shape recognition in WinOLS
Set a candidate region, define axes, view as 3D surface. Look for shapes matching known physical relationships.
Method 2: Axis matching
RPM axes have recognizable value patterns. Finding axes lets you find maps that reference them.
Method 3: Cross-referencing from firmware
In Ghidra, find where a specific ECU function reads map data. The assembly shows a load instruction pulling from a specific flash address. That address is your map.
Method 4: Family files
Compare two files from the same ECU family. Changed regions are likely calibration maps. Identical regions are likely code.
The reality:
Working without DAMOS is a core skill, not a niche skill. Every chapter of Diesel Fundamental shows how to find the relevant maps without DAMOS.